Existing life cycle inventories for lithium-ion battery production underestimate climate change impacts by up to 19% compared to one from our study. Proposed approach to model LCI for Li 2 CO 3
Life cycle assessment of high capacity molybdenum disulfide lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles Energy , 123 ( 2017 ) , pp. 77 - 88 , 10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.096 View PDF View article View in Scopus Google Scholar This study presents a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment to quantify the environmental impact of five prominent lithium-ion chemistries, based on the specifications of 73 commercially-available battery modules used for residential applications. We compiled 50 publications from the years 2005–2020 about life cycle assessment (LCA) of Li-ion batteries to assess the environmental effects of production, use, and end of life for application Section 2.4 describes the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods applied. 2.1 Sodium-ion battery cells assessed Information about the two SIB cells considered was obtained from a collaboration with an SIB cell manufacturer (Table 1 ).This research contributes to evaluating a comparative cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) and lead-acid battery systems for grid energy storage applications. This LCA study could serve as a methodological reference for further research in LCA for LIB.
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